Why is the chip heating？

Let’s first talk about the principle of chip heating.

So far, the appearance of high power consumption and high heat generation in integrated circuits is still inevitable. No matter what kind of structure, what kind of material, what kind of craft, it is impossible to solve the problem of chip heating from the root cause.At present, high-performance server clusters will be used in air-conditioned rooms. Household computers or office equipment must be equipped with cooling devices such as fans.Why is the small chip so hot or even hot?

Let’s take a look at the basic structure of integrated circuits. Binary and transistor. Binary is 0 and 1. The reaction on the integrated circuit is high voltage 1 and low voltage 0. Let’s take a look at the structure of the transistor and see how the transistor produces 0 and 1.

The transistor itself is like a switch, through which the output voltage is controlled. Think of the picture above, you can output high voltage 1 and low voltage 0 respectively.The size of the transistor is only tens of nanometers or even a few nanometers. Such a small transistor causes the chip to heat up because there are so many transistors inside the chip, and the current passing through the transistors will release a part of the heat, so the chip becomes hot.

High-performance chips have hundreds of millions or billions of internal transistors, and each transistor generates a small amount of heat and adds up to a large value.

Since the rate of heat dissipation is much lower than the rate of heat generation, a local high temperature will be formed, as shown in the figure below.

Most chips generate heat, which is also local heat generation of the chip, and it is rare that the entire chip generates heat.

In order to meet high-end computing requirements, the problem of chip heating still cannot be solved. Therefore, when designing, consider the overall heat dissipation of the equipment.

The above is the principle and reason of heat generation during chip operation. Below we introduce the chip heating caused by some problems.

1. There is a short circuit inside the chip, which causes the chip power supply current to increase.
2. The external power supply voltage of the chip increases, causing the power supply voltage and current of the chip to increase at the same time.
3. Poor heat dissipation and long-term heavy-duty work will cause the chip to become hot.
4. The load on the output port of the chip becomes heavier (the load impedance becomes smaller), which causes the output power of the chip to increase.
5. The output port of the chip is short-circuited, causing the output power of the chip to increase sharply.

(Infinite flow measures will burn the chip output stage or the entire chip).

6. Some device parameters inside the chip change (such as time drift of device parameters) or some internal devices are damaged, causing the chip’s working status to change and cause abnormal operation.
7. The change of some device parameters outside the chip (such as the time drift of device parameters) or the damage of some external devices cause the chip’s working status to change and cause abnormal work.
8. When the chip is working, the internal signal oscillates due to self-excitation, which directly leads to abnormal output of the chip.
9. When the chip is working, the duty cycle of the internal digital pulse signal changes due to various reasons, which directly leads to the abnormal output of the chip.
10. The interference pulse or interference wave coupling on the power supply enters the chip signal loop and causes the chip to process the signal abnormally.
11. The abnormal operation of the chip caused by the wrong connection, short circuit, damage, etc. of the external related components and wiring of the chip.
12. The filter failure of the chip power supply loop causes excessive AC ripple and enters the chip power supply loop.
13. The AC power supply voltage is too high, causing the chip power supply voltage to increase.
14. Work failure caused by water or metal debris in the chassis.
15. The internal working disorder of some special chips caused by radio waves and electromagnetic interference.

All of the above reasons may cause the chip to become hot!

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